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Precision Teaching15 min read

Data-Based Decision Making in Learning: Using Your SAFMEDS Data Effectively

Learn how to use your SAFMEDS practice data to make better learning decisions. Master data interpretation, identify patterns, troubleshoot problems, and optimize your path to fluency.

TAFMEDS Team
Standard Celeration Chart with data analysis annotations for learning decisions

Data-Based Decision Making in Learning: Using Your SAFMEDS Data Effectively

Every SAFMEDS session generates data—counts, accuracy, trends over time. Most students glance at their numbers and move on. They're missing the point.

Data isn't just for tracking; it's for deciding. Your practice data tells you what's working, what's failing, and what needs to change. Used well, it transforms SAFMEDS from hopeful practice into precision learning.

This guide teaches you to read, interpret, and act on your learning data—making decisions that accelerate your path to fluency.


Why Data-Based Decisions Matter

The Alternative: Feeling-Based Decisions

Without data, decisions rely on subjective feeling:

Feeling-BasedData-Based
"I think I'm improving""My celeration is x1.4 this week"
"This deck feels harder""My accuracy on this deck is 78% vs. 91%"
"I'm probably ready for the exam""I've achieved fluency aims on 8/10 decks"
"Something's wrong but I don't know what""Errors increased when I switched to evening practice"

Feelings are unreliable indicators of learning. Research on metacognition consistently shows people are poor judges of their own knowledge. Data provides objectivity.

The Precision Teaching Foundation

SAFMEDS inherits data-based decision making from Precision Teaching, which holds:

  • The learner knows best: Data reveals what's working better than theories
  • The data doesn't lie: Objective measurement trumps subjective judgment
  • Change happens when data shows need: Not based on schedules or assumptions
  • This philosophy applies to your own learning. Let your data guide your decisions.

    Key Principle: If you can't measure it, you can't manage it. SAFMEDS makes learning measurable.

    Understanding Your Core Metrics

    Count Per Minute (Frequency)

    What it is: Number of correct responses in 60 seconds

    What it tells you:

  • Current performance level
  • Speed of retrieval
  • Progress toward fluency aim
  • How to interpret:

    CountInterpretation
    Below 20/minBuilding foundation; not yet fluent
    20-35/minDeveloping; approaching functional level
    35-50/minSolid performance; nearing fluency
    50+/minFluent for most content types

    Accuracy (Percent Correct)

    What it is: Correct responses ÷ Total responses × 100

    What it tells you:

  • Knowledge reliability
  • Whether speed is outpacing accuracy
  • How to interpret:

    AccuracyInterpretation
    Below 80%Too many errors; may be building wrong responses
    80-90%Acceptable; normal while building speed
    90-95%Good balance of speed and accuracy
    Above 95%Excellent accuracy; may be able to push speed more

    Celeration (Learning Rate)

    What it is: Rate of change in performance over time (weekly)

    What it tells you:

  • How fast you're learning
  • Whether current approach is working
  • Predicted time to reach aims
  • How to interpret:

    Weekly CelerationInterpretation
    Below x1.1Stagnant; something needs to change
    x1.1 - x1.25Slow improvement; could be better
    x1.25 - x1.5Good progress; acceptable rate
    x1.5 - x2.0Excellent progress; maintain conditions
    Above x2.0Rapid improvement; very effective approach

    Error Patterns

    What to track:

  • Which cards consistently cause errors
  • When errors occur (beginning vs. end of timing)
  • Types of errors (confusion between cards, blank, wrong answer)
  • What it tells you:

  • Specific knowledge gaps
  • Fatigue effects
  • Card quality issues

  • Reading the Standard Celeration Chart

    Basic Chart Interpretation

    The Standard Celeration Chart displays:

  • Horizontal axis: Calendar time (days)
  • Vertical axis: Frequency (logarithmic scale)
  • Correct data: Plotted dots
  • Error data: Plotted X's
  • Trend lines: Best fit through data points
  • What the Chart Shows

    PatternWhat It MeansWhat to Do
    Steady upward trendConsistent improvementContinue current approach
    Upward trend steepeningAccelerating improvementNote what changed; replicate
    Upward trend flatteningDecelerating improvementCheck for ceiling effects or barriers
    Flat trendNo improvementChange something—current approach isn't working
    Downward trendPerformance decliningInvestigate immediately
    High variabilityInconsistent performanceStabilize practice conditions
    Errors decreasing as corrects increaseHealthy learning patternIdeal pattern—continue
    Errors staying flat while corrects increaseSpeed outpacing accuracyMay need to consolidate before pushing more

    Celeration Lines

    Drawing a celeration line (trend line) through your data reveals your learning rate at a glance:

  • Steeper line = faster learning
  • Line angle indicates celeration multiplier
  • Changes in angle indicate changes in learning rate
  • TAFMEDS calculates this automatically, showing your celeration value directly.


    Making Data-Based Decisions

    Decision 1: Is This Deck Working?

    Data to check: Weekly celeration

    Decision criteria:

    CelerationDecision
    x1.5+ sustainedDeck is working; continue
    x1.25-1.5 sustainedDeck is adequate; consider improvements
    Below x1.25 for 2+ weeksDeck needs intervention

    If intervention needed, check:

  • Practice consistency (are you practicing daily?)
  • Practice quality (timed? shuffled? focused?)
  • Card quality (clear? appropriate difficulty?)
  • Deck size (too large? too small?)
  • Decision 2: Am I Ready to Move On?

    Data to check: Performance relative to fluency aim + retention test

    Decision criteria:

  • Consistently meeting aim (3+ sessions)
  • Accuracy maintained (85%+)
  • Performance stable (low session-to-session variability)
  • Retention holds after break
  • If yes: Add new content or advance to maintenance schedule

    If no: Continue until criteria met

    Decision 3: What's Causing This Problem?

    When performance isn't meeting expectations, diagnose systematically:

    Step 1: Characterize the problem

    SymptomPossible Causes
    Low celeration, okay accuracyDeck too easy; need more challenge
    Declining accuracyMoving too fast; need consolidation
    High variabilityInconsistent practice conditions
    Sudden dropExternal factor; check recent changes
    Plateau near aimApproaching ceiling; may need different strategy

    Step 2: Check potential causes

  • Practice logs (consistency, timing, conditions)
  • Card quality review
  • External factors (stress, sleep, life events)
  • Step 3: Make one change

  • Change one variable at a time
  • Monitor for at least one week
  • Compare celeration before/after
  • Decision 4: Which Deck Needs Attention?

    When practicing multiple decks, prioritize based on data:

    PriorityCriteria
    HighLow celeration + far from aim
    MediumAdequate celeration + far from aim
    MediumLow celeration + near aim
    LowAdequate celeration + near aim
    MaintenanceAt aim + stable

    Allocate more practice time to high-priority decks.


    Data Patterns and Their Meanings

    The Healthy Learning Curve

    Pattern: Steep initial improvement, gradually flattening as aim approached

    What it means: Normal learning trajectory—rapid gains when much room to improve, slower gains near ceiling

    What to do: Continue; expect flattening near aim

    The Plateau

    Pattern: Performance flat for extended period (2+ weeks)

    Possible causes:

  • Deck too easy (ceiling effect)
  • Deck too hard (frustration effect)
  • Practice conditions suboptimal
  • Wrong aim (too high or too low)
  • Knowledge gap requiring different approach
  • What to do: Diagnose cause; intervene accordingly

    The Regression

    Pattern: Performance declining after previous gains

    Possible causes:

  • Practice consistency disrupted
  • External stressors
  • Fatigue or burnout
  • Card deck issues (e.g., added difficult cards)
  • What to do: Identify what changed; address root cause

    The Sawtooth

    Pattern: Performance varies dramatically session to session

    Possible causes:

  • Inconsistent practice conditions (time, location, alertness)
  • Deck contains mix of easy and hard cards
  • Rushing some sessions, not others
  • What to do: Stabilize practice conditions; consider deck reorganization

    The Breakthrough

    Pattern: Sudden performance jump after period of slow growth

    What it means: Consolidation completed; new level of automaticity achieved

    What to do: Celebrate and maintain new level


    Data Review Routines

    Daily Review (1 minute)

    After each session:

  • Note today's count and accuracy
  • Compare to yesterday
  • Quick assessment: On track? Concern?
  • Weekly Review (10 minutes)

    Each week:

  • Calculate weekly celeration (or review TAFMEDS calculation)
  • Compare to target celeration (x1.25+)
  • Identify decks needing attention
  • Adjust next week's focus if needed
  • Weekly review questions:

  • Which decks are progressing well?
  • Which decks are struggling?
  • Are my practice conditions consistent?
  • What will I adjust next week?
  • Monthly Review (30 minutes)

    Each month:

  • Review overall progress toward goals
  • Check retention on older content
  • Assess timeline to fluency aims
  • Major strategy adjustments if needed
  • Monthly review questions:

  • Am I on track for my overall goal (exam, certification)?
  • Which content areas are strongest/weakest?
  • Is my study plan still appropriate?
  • What have I learned about my learning?

  • Common Data Interpretation Mistakes

    Mistake 1: Overreacting to Single Data Points

    Problem: One bad session triggers major changes

    Reality: Individual sessions vary; trends matter more than points

    Fix: Make decisions based on weekly patterns, not daily fluctuations

    Mistake 2: Ignoring the Data

    Problem: Practice without ever reviewing performance

    Reality: You're missing crucial feedback

    Fix: Build data review into your routine

    Mistake 3: Focusing Only on Count

    Problem: Celebrating high counts regardless of accuracy

    Reality: High count with low accuracy means practiced errors

    Fix: Monitor count AND accuracy together

    Mistake 4: Not Tracking Across Time

    Problem: Only looking at today's performance, not trends

    Reality: Celeration (trend) predicts future success better than current level

    Fix: Use charting that shows trends over time

    Mistake 5: Changing Too Many Things at Once

    Problem: Multiple simultaneous changes make it impossible to know what helped

    Reality: Scientific approach requires changing one variable at a time

    Fix: Change one thing, observe for a week, then evaluate


    Using TAFMEDS Data Features

    Dashboard Analytics

    TAFMEDS provides:

  • Session summaries: Immediate feedback after each timing
  • Trend visualization: Standard Celeration Chart display
  • Celeration calculation: Automatic weekly celeration
  • Progress toward aims: Visual representation of goal progress
  • Cross-deck comparison: See which decks need attention
  • Making the Most of Your Data

    Before practice:

  • Check which deck needs attention based on recent performance
  • Note your goal for this session
  • After practice:

  • Review session data immediately
  • Compare to recent sessions
  • Note anything unusual
  • Weekly:

  • Review dashboard analytics
  • Make strategic adjustments based on data
  • Plan next week's focus

  • From Data to Action: Decision Flowchart

    When reviewing your data, follow this decision process:

    Step 1: Is celeration adequate (x1.25+)?

  • Yes → Continue current approach
  • No → Go to Step 2
  • Step 2: Is accuracy adequate (85%+)?

  • Yes → Push for more speed
  • No → Focus on accuracy before speed
  • Step 3: Is practice consistent (daily)?

  • Yes → Go to Step 4
  • No → Address consistency first
  • Step 4: Are cards appropriate?

  • Check clarity, difficulty, formatting
  • Revise problem cards
  • Step 5: Are conditions optimal?

  • Check timing, environment, focus
  • Optimize conditions
  • Step 6: Still struggling?

  • Consider content difficulty
  • May need prerequisite knowledge
  • Seek help if available

  • Conclusion

    Your SAFMEDS data is a conversation between you and your learning. It tells you:

  • What's working (keep doing it)
  • What's failing (change it)
  • How fast you're progressing (is it enough?)
  • When you'll reach your goals (stay on track)
  • Data-based decision making transforms practice from hopeful effort into precision skill-building. Instead of wondering if you're improving, you know. Instead of guessing what to change, you diagnose systematically.

    The data-driven learner:

  • Practices consistently to generate meaningful data
  • Reviews data regularly (daily, weekly, monthly)
  • Interprets patterns, not just numbers
  • Makes decisions based on evidence, not feeling
  • Changes one thing at a time and observes results
  • Uses data to predict and plan
  • Trust your data more than your feelings. Your feelings will tell you that familiar content is learned (it may not be) and that hard practice isn't working (it probably is). The data reveals the truth.

    Let the data guide you to fluency.

    Track and analyze your learning with TAFMEDS—data-driven practice for measurable results.


  • Celeration: Measuring Your True Learning Rate - Deep dive on learning rate
  • Understanding the Standard Celeration Chart - Reading the visual display
  • Setting Fluency Aims - What you're measuring progress toward

  • References

  • Binder, C. (1996). Behavioral fluency: Evolution of a new paradigm. *The Behavior Analyst, 19*(2), 163-197.
  • Calkin, A. B. (2005). Precision teaching: The standard celeration charts. *The Behavior Analyst Today, 6*(4), 207-215.
  • Graf, S., & Lindsley, O. R. (2002). *Standard Celeration Charting 2002*. Youngstown, OH: Graf Implements.
  • Kubina, R. M., & Yurich, K. K. L. (2012). *The Precision Teaching Book*. Lemont, PA: Greatness Achieved.
  • Lindsley, O. R. (1992). Precision teaching: Discoveries and effects. *Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25*(1), 51-57.
  • White, O. R. (1986). Precision Teaching—Precision Learning. *Exceptional Children, 52*(6), 522-534.
  • Vargas, J. S. (2009). *Behavior analysis for effective teaching*. Routledge.
  • Tags

    data analysisPrecision TeachingStandard Celeration Chartdecision makinglearning analyticsprogress monitoring

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    TAFMEDS Team

    The TAFMEDS team creates evidence-based content on fluency building, Precision Teaching, and study strategies for ABA students and professionals.

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